Glaucoma is an optic nerve damage, which in most cases is associated with increased eye pressure. The consequence of the optic nerve damage is an increasing visual field loss from the outside (tunnel vision).
Since increased eye pressure is usually not noticeable and central vision is affected only late, regular ophthalmological check-ups are recommended from the age of 50 for early detection. For this purpose, however, a pressure measurement alone is not sufficient; the optic nerve as well as the outflow of the aqueous humor must also be assessed. In case of abnormalities, a scan of the optic nerve (optical coherence tomography, OCT) and a visual field examination can provide information about the presence and extent of glaucomatous damage.
Glaucoma is a chronic disease and is not curable. The goal is to prevent progression of optic nerve damage. This is achieved by lowering eye pressure, either with the help of eye drops, laser treatment or surgery. Which option is most appropriate is part of the ophthalmologic evaluation.
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